The writings of Friedrich Nietzsche have never ceased to be controversial. Since he first published The Birth of Tragedy his thinking has been the focus of ongoing public and scholarly debates, and indeed rather heated ones. But whereas in the nineteenth century it was mainly his seeming immorality and agnosticism today his views on language, truth, rationality and science are drawing most of the attention. And here — as always with Nietzsche — the positions are incompatible once again.