Mary Whiton Calkins, philosopher and psychologist, was the first woman to be elected president of the American Philosophical Association. She lived during "the golden age" of American philosophy and studied under two of the classic American philosophers, William James and Josiah Royce. Though she was influenced by both of these teachers, her philosophy has been described as a continuation and development of Royce's idealism.¹ Yet it also takes account of her own empirical knowledge of psychology.